How to Build a US Credit Score Without an SSN

When you first move to the United States, your home country's credit history does not follow you. This 'credit invisibility' can make it incredibly difficult to rent an apartment, buy a car, or even get a cell phone plan. A common misconception is that you absolutely need a Social Security Number (SSN) to build a US credit score. This is not true.

If you are not eligible for an SSN (for example, if you are an F2 or H4 dependent without work authorization), you can apply for an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) through the IRS. Many major banks and credit card issuers, such as Capital One, Citibank, and American Express, accept an ITIN or even just your passport and valid visa to open an account.

The best strategy for beginners is to open a 'secured' credit card. With a secured card, you place a refundable cash deposit (e.g., $200), which becomes your credit limit. By making small purchases and paying the balance in full and on time every month, the bank reports your positive behavior to the credit bureaus. Within six to eight months, you will generate a FICO credit score, paving the way for unsecured cards and better financial opportunities.